05/26/2022
The aim of this study was (a) to investigate the relationship between destination personality (DP), destination image (DI), self-congruity (SC), and behavioral intention (BI) in the context of golf tourism and (b) to examine the mediating roles of DI and SC in the relationship between DP and BI. We collected valid data about 519 golf tourists who visited Hainan, China in 2021. The results show that DP positively affected DI, DP positively affected BI, DP positively affected SC, SC positively affected BI, and DI positively affected BI. In addition, DI positively mediated the relationship between DP and BI, and SC positively mediated the relationship between DP and BI. The findings enrich the tourism literature, contribute to the exploration of golf tourism theory, and provide recommendations for golf tourism researchers and marketers. View Full-Text
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01/29/2021
BACKGROUND: The experience of disability and of how work is conducted in the American economy is undergoing new shifts in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This unique space in time provides an opportunity to re-examine the importance of universal design (UD) as a way to respond to a workforce that is growing more diverse and living longer with disabilities. UD is a set of strategies that creates places and resources that are accessible to all and considers the needs and wants of people from the outset. Through the use of UD, work environments can be more accessible and useable to all employees. OBJECTIVE: This article describes the changes in the experience of disability within the context of COVID-19 and defines UD and UD for learning principles. We then consider how UD reduces stigma and reduces the need for individual accommodations while promoting inclusivity and improving productivity in the workplace. CONCLUSION: We offer strategies for embedding UD into vocational rehabilitation from pre-professional training to practice, all with a new sense of urgency and opportunity that is present as a result of COVID-19.
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02/16/2022
Black women pursued graduate and professional school, post-degree options, and employment at a time when their economic future and livelihood were unknown. The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) complicated what many Black women were already experiencing. Guided by critical race feminism, the purpose of our exploratory study was to highlight how and to what extent COVID exacerbated Black women’s economic trajectories via their financial obligations, financial support, and financial stability. We offer two implications for practice: disrupting systemic oppression/inequities and developing a critical awareness of Black women’s economic precarity.
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11/2022
In schools today, student trauma and toxic stress may impact students' ability to learn. Therefore, this inquiry explored the experiences and knowledge of 27 physical education (PE) teachers in the United States related to trauma and trauma-informed practices. Teachers' experiences were examined through semi-structured interviews informed by the literature. Employing interpretivist philosophical assumptions, data analysis revealed that teachers utilized four general dimensions related to trauma-informed strategies in their gymnasiums: creating a physically safe and emotionally safe space, formulating positive and healthy relationships with students, developing student responsibility, and guiding students toward self-regulation. These strategies aligned with Souers and Hall's (2019) tenets of fostering resilient learners. Although the teachers did not have prior educational experiences with trauma and trauma-informed practices and minimal professional development, they demonstrated what is possible when working with students who experience trauma and/or toxic stress. By fostering resilient learners and engaging in trauma-informed practices, it is conceivable for P-12 students to have positive and inclusive experiences in PE.
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01/01/2013
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01/01/2008
The purpose of this study was to examine customers of an emerging spectator sport, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). Whereas conventional sport spectator motivation research has typically examined motivations of spectators attending established team sports, this study is distinctive in that it applies motivation research to an individual sport rather than a team sport and to an emerging sport rather than a more established sport. The following ten motives were identified based on a review of the current literature: drama/eustress, escape, aesthetics, vicarious achievement, socializing, sport interest, national pride, economic factor, adoration, and violence. Participants attended a local amateur event, held in June 2006, in a mid-sized Midwestern city. Overall, sport interest and drama were the highest rated motives. There were gender differences in motives, with males indicating that sport interest, economic, and violence were significantly stronger motives. Two backward deletion linear regression analyses indicated that sport interest, vicarious achievement, and national pride were significant predictors of media consumption for males, while sport interest and drama were significant predictors of media consumption for females.
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01/01/2007
Administrators at NCAA Division I institutions have multiple sport programs to market, yet resource limitations challenge these administrators to identify efficient and equitable resource allocation strategies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how NCAA Division I marketing administrators allocate marketing resources to their various sport programs. Three norms of exchange: rationality, distributive justice, and power, are used as a conceptual framework, and primary marketing administrators at NCAA Division I institutions were surveyed. Results revealed past results and perceived scarcity of both monetary and non-monetary resources predicted allocation norms used to distribute marketing resources. Marketing administrators who agreed with distributive justice as a resource allocation norm were likely to allocate more monetary and non-monetary resources to women's sports. Administrators agreeing that power influenced marketing resource allocations were more likely to allocate both monetary resources and non-monetary resources to men's sports over women's sports.
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01/01/2008
This article chronicles the positive and negative consequences of televising interscholastic athletic events. The study further explores the extent and range of television coverage for each of the 51 state high school athletic associations within the United States through 26 collected responses (51.0%) from athletic association executive directors. Specifically, the questionnaire addressed or focused on (a) how extensive television coverage of state association sponsored regular seasons games (e.g., High School Game of the Week) were in their respective state and (b) whether or not states reached an agreement to broadcast championship games/events. Overall, this study suggests a great opportunity exists for those institutions and organizations interested in broadcasting high school sport but suggests schools recognize the need to responsibly managing those broadcasts because of the age group involved. Finally, this paper offers several topics related to television and high school sports we should consider studying more closely in the future.
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01/01/2008
With an increasing prevalence of virtual high school programs in the United States, a better understanding of evaluative tools available for distance educators and administrators is needed. These evaluative tools would provide opportunities for assessment and a determination of success within virtual schools. This article seeks to provide an analysis and classification of instrumentation currently available. It addresses issues regarding the limited arsenal of assessments and evaluation instrumentation for virtual schools. (Contains 8 tables.)
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05/2023
Purpose: This investigation was to compare differences in skeletal muscle oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) and mitochondrial recovery between voluntary (VOL) and electrically stimulated (ES) plantarflexion contractions.
Methods: Twelve men and women (26 ± 4.0 years; 171.8 ± 5.1 cm; 74.0 ± 13.7 kg) were seated in a chair with their right knee fully extended and right foot secured to a force transducer. ES electrodes and a near-infrared spectroscopy device were placed on the gastrocnemius. Participants performed ES plantarflexion contractions across a range of stimulation intensities at frequencies of 1 and 2 Hz and similar VOL contractions. Cuff occlusion occurred immediately following each series of contractions to measure [Formula: see text]. A standardized mitochondrial function assessment protocol was also performed to calculate K-constants between work-matched ES and VOL contractions.
Results: For mitochondrial assessments, there were no significant differences between ES and VOL rate constants (2.03 ± 0.98 vs. 1.25 ± 1.35 min-1, p = 0.266). ES resulted in a significantly greater workrate-[Formula: see text] slope at 1 Hz (0.007 ± 0.007 vs. 0.001 ± 0.002% [Formula: see text]/s/N, p = 0.014) and 2 Hz (0.010 ± 0.010 vs. 0.001 ± 0.001% [Formula: see text]/s/N, p = 0.012), as well as a significantly greater workrate-[Formula: see text] Y-intercept at 2 Hz (1.603 ± 1.513 vs. 0.556 ± 0.564% [Formula: see text]/s, p = 0.035) but not 1 Hz (0.579 ± 0.448 vs. 0.442 ± 0.357% mV̇O2/s, p = 0.535) when compared to VOL.
Conclusion: ES results in a significantly greater [Formula: see text] at similar work rates compared to VOL, however, the mitochondrial recovery rate constants were similar. The greater mVO2 with ES may partially contribute to the increased rate of fatigue during ES exercise in individuals with muscle paralysis.
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